Description

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences , ^[2] the American Film Institute , ^[3] and the British Film Institute ^[4] all define a feature as a movie with a running time of 2400 seconds (ie 40 minutes) or longer. The National Center of Cinematography in France defines it as a 35 mm film longer than 1,600 meters (5,200 ft), which is exactly 58 minutes and 29 seconds for sound films , and the Screen Actors Guild gives a minimum running time of at least 80 minutes. ^[5] [6]

History

The term feature film came into play in the cinema and was promoted or advertised. The term used to Distinguish Was the movie along from the short films (Referred to as shorts) Typically presented before the movie hand, Such As Newsreels , serials , animated cartoons , live-action comedies, and documentaries. There was no coincidence in the running times of the movies of the present-day definitions of feature-length; the “featured” movie on a film program in the early 1910s.

Early features were produced in the United States and France, but were released in individual (short film) scenes. This left exhibitors the option of playing them alone, to view an incomplete combination of some movies, or to run them all as a short film series. The American company S. Lubin released a Passion Play titled Lubin ‘s Passion Play in January 1903 in 31 parts, totaling about 60 minutes. ^[7] The French company Pathé Brothers released a different Passion Play, The Life and Passion of Jesus Christ , in May 1903 in 32 parts running about 44 minutes. There were also full-length records of boxing matches, such as The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight(1897), ^[8] Reproduction Of The Corbett-Jeffries Fight (1899), and The Jeffries-Sharkey Fight (1899). In 1900, the documentary film In the Army was made. It was over 1 hour in length and was about the training techniques of the British soldier.

Defined by length, the first dramatic feature film was the 70-minute Australian film The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906). ^[9] Similarly, the first European feature was the 90-minute film The Prodigal Son (France, 1907), which was unmodified record of a stage play; Europe’s first feature adapted directly for the screen, Les Misérables , came from France in 1909. ^[9] The first Russian feature was Defense of Sevastopol in 1911. ^[10] Early Italian features were The Inferno (The Inferno) (1911), Quo Vadis? (1913), The Last Days of Pompeii (1913), andCabiria(1914). The first UK features were the documentary With Our King and Queen Through India (1912), filmed in Kinemacolor ^[11] and Oliver Twist (1912). ^[9] The first American features were adaptations of Oliver Twist (1912), From the Manger to the Cross (1912), Cleopatra (1912), and Richard III (1912). The latter starring actor Frederick Warde starred in some of these movie adaptations. ^[12] The first Asian featurewas Japan’s The Story Story by Tasuke Shiobara (1912), ^[13]The first Indian feature was Raja Harishchandra (1913), ^[14] the first South American feature was Brazil’s O Crime back Banhados (1913), ^[13] and the first African feature was South Africa’s Die Voortrekkers (1916). ^[13] 1913 also saw China’s first feature film, Zhang Shichuan’s Nan Fu Nan Qi .

By 1915 over 600 feature films were produced annually in the United States. ^[15] It is often incorrectly cited that The Birth of a Nation (1915) was the first American feature film. ^[16] The most prolific year of US production was 1921, with 682 releases; the lowest number of releases Was in 1963 with 213. ^[15] Between 1922 and 1970 the US and Japan alternated as leaders in the quantity of feature movie production. Since 1971, the country with the highest feature output India , ^[17] which produces a thousand films in more than twelve Indian languages each year. ^[18]

Technological developments

As time went on there were many technical advancements made in film. The first feature-length film with sound was The Jazz Singer, released by Warner Bros. in 1927. ^[19] A new recording technology called Vitaphone , which was developed by Warner Bros. , was used to capture the sound for the movie. ^[19] Before The Jazz Singer , many movie studios were reluctant to go through the expensive process of adding microphones to their sets. However, after seeing how successful the film was, other studios were scrambling to start producing their own Talkies . ^[20]

One of the next major advances made in movie production was color film . Even before color was a possibility in movies, early film makers were interested in how to improve their stories. ^[21]Early techniques included hand tinting in which each individual frame had to be painted by hand. ^[21] Another more widely used development was toning , which involved the film in a signal color. Because it was faster and cheaper than hand tinting , it was very popular and was seen in a large number of movies in the 1920s. ^[21] It was the Film processing lab Technicolorthat developed the three-tone coloring technique that became the standard for color film. It was a complex, time consuming, and expensive process that many movie studios were not eager to try. ^[22] One of the early adopters of the three strip process was Disney . Some of the notable movies MOST Technicolor processed with three Were strip The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind . ^[21]

Digital Video (or DV) is a technology that has had a major impact on movies in a relatively short period of time. ^[23] The new digital technology was first used to create special effects and animated movies, by the late 1990s digital cameras were becoming more common and more common on film sets. In 2002, George Lucas ‘ Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones was the first major feature-length film to be shot entirely on digital cameras. ^[23] With the ability to instantly playback footage and easy transfer of footage to computers for editing, digital cinema with speed up post production time. ^[23] Digital film making was a big boost in 2005 when theDigital Cinema Initiative created a guide for manufacturers to a universal standard, to make the technologies more compatible and more user friendly. ^[23] [24] shooting movies on digital also lead to new technologies for distributing films. Titan AE , released in 2000, was the first feature film to be released for viewing over the internet. ^[24] Digital distribution changed the ways people received and watched media, it also gave viewers access to huge amounts of online content on demand. ^[25]

References