United States

Hollywood’s early years

In the early days of silent movies , the names of the actors and actresses appearing in the audience were not publicized or raised. ^[4] However, hearing curiosity soon undermined this policy. By 1909, Florence Lawrence and Mary Pickford actresses such as were unaware of their names. Lawrence Was Referred to as the “Biograph Girl” Because she Worked for DW Griffith ‘s Biograph Studios , while Pickford was “Little Mary.” In 1910, Lawrence switched to the Independent Moving Pictures Company, began appearing under her own name, and was hailed as “America’s foremost moving picture star” in IMP literature. ^[4] Pickford began appearing under her own name in 1911.

The Independent Moving Pictures Company promoted their “picture personalities”, including Florence Lawrence and King Baggot , by giving them billing , credits and a mark . Promotion in advertising to the publication of stories about these personalities to newspapers and magazines as part of a strategy to build brand loyalty for their company’s actors and films. By the 1920s, Hollywood movie company has developed a “massive industrial enterprise” that “… peddled a new intangible-fame.” ^[5] Early Hollywood studios tightly controlled who was a movie star, only they had the ability to place stars’ names above the title; according to film historianJeanine Basinger , this was done “only for economic reasons”. ^[6]

Hollywood “image makers” and promotional agents planted rumors, selectively released real or fictitious biographical information to the press, and used other gimmicks to create glamorouspersonas for actors. Judy Garland , Rock Hudson , Marilyn Monroe , and Grace Kelly . Publicists thus “created” the “enduring images” and public perceptions of screen legends . The development of this ” star system ” made fame “something that could be fabricated purposely, by the masters of the new ‘machinery of glory’.” ^[5]However, regardless of how “… strenuously the star and their media handlers and press agents may … try to ‘monitor’ and ‘shape’ it, the media and the public always play a substantial part in the image-making process . ” ^[5] According to Madow, “fame is a ‘relational’ phenomenon, something that is conferred by others. sense, make himself famous, any more than he can make himself loved. ”

Madow goes on to point out “fame is often conferred or withheld, just as love is, for reasons and on grounds other than ‘merit’.” According to Sofia Johansson the “canonical texts on stardom” include articles by Boorstin (1971), Alberoni (1972) and Dyer (1979) that reviewed the “representations of stars and on aspects of the Hollywood star system”. Johansson writes that “more recent analyzes within media and cultural studies (eg, Gamson 1994, Marshall 1997, Giles 2000, Turner, Marshall, and Bonner 2000, Rojek 2001, Turner 2004) have been dealing with the idea of ​​a pervasive, contemporary, ‘celebrity culture’.” In the analysis of the celebrity culture, “fame and its constituencies are conceived of a social, connected to widespread economic, political,

In the 1980s and 1990s, the audience began to work on the subject of film and television. These efforts are targeted and designed using market research, to increase the predictability of their media ventures. In some cases, publicity agents may create “provocative advertisements” or make an outrageous public statement to trigger public controversy and “generate” news coverage. ^[5] Movie studios employed performers under long-term contracts. They develop a star system and promote their movies. “Star vehicles” were filmed to display the most talented talents and appeal of the movie studio.

Asia

Movie stars in other regions too have their own star value. For instance, in Asian film industries, many movies often run on the spotlight.

China

A number of Chinese film actors have become some of the most popular movie stars in Eastern Asia and are known in Western world. They include Jackie Chan , Li Jet , Chow Yun-fat , Stephen Chow , Sammo Hung , Li Gong , Ziyi Zhang , Maggie Cheung , and the late Bruce Lee .

India

The Indian film industry, of which one is commonly known as Bollywood , has its own set of rules in this aspect. There are often superstars in this region who command premium pay commensurate with their box office appeal. Male Indian actors who are among the most popular movie stars in India and Southern Asia include Rajesh Khanna , Amitabh Bachchan , Dilip Kumar , Raj Kapoor , Dharmendra , Jeetendra , Naseeruddin Shah , Raj Babbar , Amol Palekar , Aditya Pancholi, Aamir Khan , Shahrukh Khan , Salman Khan , Akshay Kumar , Hrithik Roshan , Arjun Rampal , Govinda , Shahid Kapoor and Anil Kapoor . Actresses include Sridevi , Shabana Azmi , Smita Patil , Kajol , Madhuri Dixit , Aishwarya Rai , Katrina Kaif , Kareena Kapoor , Kapoor Karisma , Manisha Koirala , Tabu , Priyanka Chopra, Preity Zinta , Rani Mukerji , Deepika Padukone , Hema Malini , Madhubala , Meena Kumari , Zeenat Aman , Reena Roy, Vyjayanthimala , and Rekha .

Some mainstream Indian movie stars, like the Khans of Bollywood ( Aamir Khan , ^[8] Shah Rukh Khan , Salman Khan , Dilip Kumar ), Raj Kapoor , Nargis , ^[9] Mithun Chakraborty , ^[10]Amitabh Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai International Winner fame across Asia ^{[11] [12] [13]} and Eastern Europe . ^[14] [15] For example, Bollywood films were popular in the Soviet Union , more so thanHollywood films ^[16] and occasionally even domestic Soviet films . ^[17] Indian actors like Raj Kapoor, Nargis ^[18] and Mithun Chakroborty were household names in the Soviet Union, ^[10]with films such as Awaara (1951) and Disco Dancer (1982) drawing more than 60 million viewers in the country . ^[19] [18] The Hindi film actors Raj Kapoor ^[20] and Aamir Khan also became very popular in China, with such films as Awaara , 3 Idiots (2009), and Dangal (2016), ^[8] [20]one of the top 20 highest-grossing movies in China . ^[21]

Southeast-Asian archipelago

The film industry of the Malay Archipelago (also known as Nusantara ) is primarily of film industries in Malaysia , Indonesia , the Philippines , and Singapore . Over the past century, these four cinemas have collaborated on a number of projects. Asia, commonly known as Malay -speaking countries.

Actors Such As P. Ramlee , Rano Karno, Rima Melati , Deddy Mizwar , Jins Shamsuddin, Eman Manan, Alex Komang, Christine Hakim , Fauziah Ahmad Daud, Nora Aunor , Joseph Estrada , Jose Padilla , Nordin Ahmad, Saadia , Fernando Poe Jr. , Roy Marten , and Yusof Haslam are considered movie stars of the 20th century.

Romalis Syafril, Erra Fazira , Rosyam Nor , Sam Shaheizy and Maya Karin , from Malaysia; Nicholas Saputra , Vino G. Bastian, Dian Sastrowardoyo , Tora Sudiro , and Iko Uwais , from Indonesia; Claudine Baretto, Piolo Pascual , John Lloyd Cruz , Jericho Rosales , Aga Muhlach , Kristine Hermosa, Dingdong Dantes , and Bea Alonzo , from the Philippines; and a few from Singapore, such as Aaron Aziz and Adi Putra.

See also