South Park is an American adult animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone (commonly known as Matt and Trey) for the Comedy Central TV network. The show features four boys Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick -and their bizarre adventures in and around the Titular Colorado City. Similar to the Simpsons, South Park becomes a very large ensemble of recurring characters. Designed for full-time audiences, the show has infamous for its raw language and dark, surreal humor that persifls a wide range of topics.

Parker and Stone was developed the show of two animated shorts they launched in 1992 and 1995 the latter one of the first Internet was viral videos that ultimately led to its production as a series. South Park debuted in August 1997 with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of all the basic cable program. Subsequent ratings changed, but it remains one of the comedy Central’s highest rated shows and is scheduled to air at least 2019 by air, by [2] [3] [4]

The pilot sequence was created with cut animation. All subsequent episodes are created with software that emulates the cutting technique.Parker and stone perform most of the voice act for the show male figures. Since the year 2000, every episode is usually written and produced in the week before its broadcast, with Parker serving as the primary writer and director. In total, there were 274 episodes throughout the show 20 seasons.

South Park has received numerous awards, including five Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award and numerous inclusions in various publications’ lists of the biggest TV shows. The popularity of the show resulted in a full-length cinema, South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut, released in June 1999, less than two years after the premiere of the show, and became a commercial and critical success. In 2013, TV Guide ranked South Park the tenth largest TV cartoon of all time.

PREMISE

SETTING AND CHARACTERS

The show follows the exploits of four boys, Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman and Kenny McCormick. The boys live in the fictional small town of South Park, which is within the real life South Park – basin in the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado. ^[6] The city is also home to a variety of common characters such as students, families, Primary Persona Lund other various residents, who tend to live Southpark regarded as bland and quiet place. ^[7] Prominent settings on the show are the local primary school, bus stop, different neighborhoods and the surrounding snowy landscape, attractions actual Colorado, and the shops and businesses along the main road of the city, which are all based on the occurrence of similar places in town Fairplay, Colorado. ^{[6] [7]}

Stan is portrayed as everyman of the group, ^[8] as the official website of the show it as “average American 4th graders” describes. ^[9] , Kyle is the only Jew in the group, and his performance in this role is often dealt with satirically. ^[8] Stan modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. Stan and Kyle are best friends, and their friendship, which should reflect the real life friendship between Parker and Stone, ^[10] is a common theme throughout the Serie.Eric Cartman (usually by his surname refers only) Is a loud, abominable, and amoral. He is often portrayed as a antagonist whose antisemitic attitude with Kyle has resulted in a constantly advancing rivalry, although the deeper reason for the antagonistic relationship of the strong clash between Kyle’s strong morality and Cartman’s total absence of such a. ^{[8] [11]} Kenny, who comes from a poor family, wears his parka hood so tightly that it covers most of his face and dampens his speech. During the first five seasons of the show, Kenny would die in almost every episode before she returned with little in the next return or any definitive explanation. He was written off the show sixth season in 2002 again appearing in the season finale. Since then, the practice of killing Kenny has rarely been used by the show creators. During the first 58 episodes of the show, the boys were in the third grade. In the fourth season episode “4th Grade” (2000), she entered the fourth class, where she has remained since then. ^{[12] [13]}

The pitches are often set in motion by events that are quite typical of the supernatural and extraordinary that often happen in the city. ^[14] The boys often act as the voice of reason when these events cause panic or incongruous behavior among the adult population which are as irrational usually represented, gullible, and prone to vociferation. ^{[6] [15]} The boys also by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults often confused, and feel they are often as distorted views on morality and society. ^{[7] [16]}

THEMES AND STYLE

Each episode begins with a tongue-in-cheek note: “All characters and events in this show-even those based on real people are completely fictitious All celebrity voices are imitated … .. bad The following program contains gross language and Due to its content it should not be viewed by anyone. ” ^{[17] [18]}

South Park was the first week program to be allocated to TV-MA – rating, ^[19] and is usually intended for an adult audience. ^{[20] [21] [22]} The boys and diemeisten other child – characters using strong profanity, with only the taboo – words by censors during a typical mission beeped be. ^[7] The use of this language is a means for Parker and Stone show how they claim really talk boys, when they are alone. ^{[23] [24]}

South Park makes frequent use of carnivalesque and absurdist techniques, ^[25] numerous running gags, ^{[26] [27]} violence, ^{[27] [28]} sexual content, ^{[29] [30]} offhand pop culture references and satirical representation of celebrities. ^[31]

Early episodes tended to shock-oriented and showed more slapstick-style humor. ^[32] While the social satire had been used occasionally earlier in the show, it was more likely than the series has progressed, with the show to the boys predilection of maintaining to remember some of his focus scatological humor in an attempt to adult audiences in mind ” What it was like to be eight years old. ” ^[8] Parker and Stone began to develop still other characters by giving bigger roles in certain storylines, ^[8] and began plots as parables based on religion, politics and many other topics to write. ^[7] This provided an opportunity to forge for the show both extreme sides of contentious issues, ^[33] while both Schippe liberal and conservative viewpoints. ^{[7] [15] [34]} Parker and Stone describe themselves as “equal opportunity offenders”, ^[14] whose main agenda is to “funny” and “people laugh”, ^{[35] [36]} , While stating that no particular subject or group of people who are subjected to costs can be spared and ridiculed. ^{[15] [31] [37] [38] [39]}

Parker and Stone insist that the show “what it is like to be in [elementary school] in America” even more and, “children be children” ^[40] states that the introduction of a satirical element in the series was the The result of the two tended to be a “moral center” to the show encore so it would rely less on easy to be gross and shocking in an attempt to hold an audience. ^{[35] [36]} While profane, and with a tendency to sometimes be cynical, notes Parker that there is still an “underlying sweetness” aspect of the children’s character, ^[33] and time described the boys as “sometimes cruel , But with a core of innocence. ” ^[10] boys and / or other characters usually reflect on what has occurred during an episode and convey the important lesson taken from him a short monologue. During earlier seasons, this language would often begin with a variation of expression “you know, I learned something today …”. ^[41]

ORIGINS AND CREATION

Soon after at the film class University of Colorado meet in 1992, Parker and Stone created an animated short titled The Spirit of Christmas . ^[26]The film was directed by animating construction paper cut-outs created with stop – motion and has prototypes of the main characters of South Park , including a character resembling Cartman but “Kenny” called, an unnamed character resembling what Kenny is today, and two in the Near -identical unnamed characters resembling Stan and Kyle. Brian Graden, Fox ‘s network executive and joint friend, commissioned Parker and Stein to create a second short film as a video Christmas card. Created in 1995, the second the spirit of Christmas was like briefly to the style of the later series more closely. ^[42] between the two same shorts, the first brief is often called to distinguish Jesus vs. Frosty and the second short as Jesus against Santa. Graden sent copies of the video to some of his friends, and from there she was copied and distributed, on the Internet, including, if it was one of the first viral videos. ^{[26] [43]}

As Jesus against Santa became more popular, Parker and Stone began talks of the short in a television series to develop. Fox refused to fetch the series, did not want to air a show that included the characters Mr. Hankey, a talking piece of droppings. ^[44] The two then entered into negotiations with both MTV and Comedy Central. Parker prefers the show produced by Comedy Central, for fear that MTV would make a children’s show. ^[45] At the Comedy Central executive Doug Herzog short watched, he commissioned to be developed in a number of them.^{[26] [46]}

Parker and stone mounted a small staff and spent three months to create the pilot episode “Cartman Anal Probe”. ^[47] South Park was in danger to be canceled before it even aired when the show poorly with test audiences fared, especially in women. However, the shorts were still gaining more popularity on the Internet, and Comedy Central agreed to order a run of six episodes. ^{[35] [45]} South Park debuted with “Cartman Gets an Anal Probe” on August 13, 1997. ^[48]

PRODUCTION

Except for the pilot episode, which was produced with cutout animation, all the episodes of South Park are created with the use of software.As the pilot against, which lasted about Mach three months ^[49] and other animated sitcoms, the traditional hand-drawn of companies in South Korea in a process that takes about eight to nine months, ^{[26] [34]} individual episodes of South Park take significantly less time to manufacture. Using computers as an animation process, the production staff of the show could produce an episode in about three weeks during the first seasons. ^[50] Now, with a staff of about 70 people, episodes are usually completed in one week, ^{[26] [33] [34]} with some in less than three to four days. ^{[51] [52] [53]} Almost the entire production of a sequence is performed within a range of agencies, which were in a complex originally Westwood, Los Angeles, California, and are now part of South Park Studios in Culver City, California . ^{[46] [49]} have been Parker and Stone executive producer of the show in its history, while Anne Garefino than served South Park ‘s co-executive producer since the second half of the first season. ^[54] 20th Century Fox senior production executive – Debbie favorite also served as executive producer for the first five seasons of the show, to coordinate the show’s production efforts between South Park Studios and Comedy Central’s headquarters in New York City. ^{[55] [56]}

Scripts are not written before a season begins. ^[57] The production of an episode begins on a Thursday, with writing consultant the show brainstorming with Parker and Stone. Former employees authors include Pam Brady, who wrote for the movies since scripts Hot Rod andHamlet 2 , and Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted by serving Win Ben Stein money and wrote the film The Sweetest Thing while after her tenure with the show Its first three seasons. ^{[58] [59]} TV – producer and writer Norman Lear, an idol of both Parker and Stone, served as guest writing consultant for the season seven (2003) episode “Cancelled” and “I’m a little bit country”. ^{[57] [60] [61]} During the 12th and 13th seasons,Saturday Night Live actor and writer Bill Hader as serves creative consultant and co-producer. ^{[62] [63] [64]}

After exchanging ideas, Parker will write a script, and from there the entire team of animators, editors, technicians and audio engineers will each work usually 100 to 120 hours the following week. ^[47] Since the show’s fourth season (2000), Parker has most of the show directorial duties taken while stone its share of the director abandoned to concentrate on dealing with the coordination and economic aspects of production. ^{[26] [65]} On Wednesday, a completed episode Comedy Central headquarters via satellite – uplink is sent, sometimes in just a few hours before the broadcast time from 10:00 am Eastern Time. ^{[26] [66]}

Parker and Stein notes that a one-week deadline is exposed to more spontaneity among themselves in the creative process that makes them feel a witty show. ^[26] The schedule also allows South Park remain both current and respond more quickly to certain current events than other satirical animated shows. ^{[8] [67]} One of the earliest examples of this was in the fourth season (2000) episode “Quintuplets 2000” refers United States Border Patrol ‘s raid of a house during the Elián González, an event occurred that only four Days before the episode was originally aired. ^[68] The season nine (2005) episode “Best Friends Forever” refers to the Terri Schiavo case, ^{[24] [33]} and originally aired in the middle of controversy and less than 12 hours before she died. ^{[34] [69]} A scene in the seventh season (2003) final “It’s Christmas in Canada” refers to the discovery of dictator Saddam Hussein in a “spider hole” and its subsequent entry, the only three days before the episode happened Ventilation. ^[70] DieSaison 12 (2008) episode “last night …” revolves around Barack Obama’s victory in the 2008 presidential election, and aired less than 24 hours after Obama was declared the winner, segments of the dialogue of Obama with genuine victory speech. ^[71]

On October 16, 2013, the show had their production deadline for the first time ever to meet after a power failure on October 15 in the production studio to prevent the episode, the season 17 of the “Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers”, that in time done. The episode was rescheduled to a week later aired on October 23, 2013 ^[72] In July 2015 South Park was extended to 2019; Extension total the show through season 23 with 304 episodes. ^{[2] [3] [4]}

ANIMATION

The style of the show the animation is made by the paper cut-out cartoons inspired Terry Gilliam for Monty Python’s Flying Circus , of which Parker and Stone have lifelong fans. ^{[45] [73] [74]} construction paper and traditional stop – motion – cutout animation techniques were used in the original animated shorts and in the pilot episode. Later episodes were produced by computer animation to produce a similar look at the originals but only a fraction of the time required. Before computer artists start an episode animate, an array ofAnimatics are drawn into Toon Boom by the show storyboard artist. ^{[47] [75]}

The characters and objects consist of simple geometric forms and basic colors. Most children’s signs are the same size and shape and are characterized by their clothes, hair and skin colors, and head covers. ^[16] The characters are usually presented in two dimensions and only from an angle. Your movements are animated in a deliberately jerky animated, as they intentionally do not offer the same free movement associated with hand drawn characters. ^{[8] [49] [76]} Occasionally, a few non-fictional characters are presented with photographic cutouts of their actual head and face instead of a face reminiscent of the traditional style of the show. Canadians in the show are often portrayed in a still minimalistic fashion; They have a simple button-eye, and the upper halves of their heads just fold the flap up and down when the characters are talking. ^[37]

When the show began, computers were used, the cardboard sections scanned and traced with CorelDRAW, then imported into Poweranimator, which was used with SGI workstations to animate the characters. ^{[47] [49]} The work stations with a 54-processor were connected render – farm that could make 10 to 15 shots per hour. ^[47] at the beginning of the fifth season, the entertainment began with Maya instead of Power Animator. ^[77] The studio now runs a 120-processor render – farms that can produce 30 or more shots per hour. ^[47]

Poweranimator and Maya are high-end programs mainly for 3D computer graphics, while co-producer and former animation directorEric Stough notes that PowerAnimator was initially chosen because its features helped entertainers to keep the show “homemade”. ^[49] Power Animator also for making some of the show visual effects was used ^[49] , which are now being created movement, ^[47] to update your graphics program created by Apple, Inc. for its Mac OS X operating system. The visual quality of the show has been in recent seasons improve, ^[8] , although some other techniques are used to deliberately cheap cutout animation preserve views. ^{[26] [50] [78]}

Some episodes have sections of live action recordings, while others have integrated other types of animation. Parts of the season eight (2004) premiere “and fun with weapons” are done in anime style, during the season 10 episode “Make Love, Not Warcraft” is partly done in Machinima. ^[79] The season 12 episode “hangover”, a tribute to the 1981 animated film Heavy Metal , implemented starring rotoscoping out.^[80]

VOICE-CAST

Parker and Stone most male voice South Park characters. ^{[7] [8] [81]} Mary Kay Bergman voiced the majority of female characters until her suicide on 11 November 1999 and Mona Marshall Eliza Schneider succeeded Bergman, with Schneider the show after his leaving seventh season (2003). She was replaced by April Stewart, who, along with Marshall, continued to voice most of the female characters. Bergman was originally listed in the Credits under the pseudonym Shannen Cassidy their reputation as the voice of several Disney and other child-friendly characters. ^[82] Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar, ^[83] while Schneider was sometimes credited under her skirt – opera performance pseudonym Blue Girl. ^[84]

Other speakers and members of South Park ‘s production – Employees have minor characters for different episodes expressed, while some employees voice characters recurring; Producer Jennifer Howell voices student Bebe Stevens, ^[81] co-producer and storyboard artist Adrien Beard voices Token Black, ^[85] which was the school only African American student takes until the introduction of Nichole in Cartman love, write consultants Vernon Chatman voices a anthropomorphic called HandtuchTowelie, ^[81] and production manager John Hansen voices Mr. slave, the former gay lover of Mr. Garrison. ^[86] Throughout the duration of the show, the voices for toddler and kindergarten signs were provided by different infants from the show production staff. ^[87]

When children express signs, the voice actors speak within their normal range, while adding a childish turn. The recorded audio material is then edited with Pro Tools, and the pitch is changed to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader. ^{[66] [88] [89]}

Isaac Hayes expressed the character of the boss, a black, soul-singing cafeteria worker who was consistently familiar to the guys one of the few adults. ^{[10] [90]} Hayes agreed the character to perfect under Parker and Stone are candidates to express, which also include Lou Rawls and Barry White. ^[91] Hayes, who during his tenure with a radio – lived show in New York and hosts South Park would record his dialogue on a digital audio tape, while a corresponding episode director would give directions over the phone, then would the tape sent Production Studio Show in California. ^[49] After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of the chief was killed in the season 10 (2006) Premiere “The Return of Chef”.

GASTSTARS

Celebrities that are portrayed in the show are usually imitated, although some celebrities for the show their own voice do. Celebrities who have expressed themselves abstain Michael Buffer, ^{[92] [93]} Brent Musburger, ^[94] Jay Leno, ^[95] Robert Smith, ^[96] and the bands Radiohead and grain. ^{[97] [98]} comedy team Cheech & Chong expressed signs represent their portraits for the fourth season (2000) episode “Cherokee Hair Tampons” that the duo first joint effort in 20 years. ^[99] Malcolm McDowell appears in live action – sequences as narrator of the fourth season episode “Pip”. ^[100]

Jennifer Aniston, ^[101] Richard Belzer, ^[102] Natasha Henstridge, ^[96] Norman Lear, ^[103] and Peter Serafinowicz ^[104] have seen host than other speaking characters war.Während South Park ‘s earliest seasons, several high-profile Celebrities inquired about guest roles in the show. As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted; George Clooney gave the barks for Stan dog Sparky in the first season (1997) episode “Big Gay Al Big Gay Boat Ride”, ^[105] Leno provided that meows for Cartman’s cat in the season one finale “Cartman’s Mom is a Bitch ” ^[105] undHenry Winkler expressed the various growls and grunts of a child-eating monster in the second season (1998) episode” City on the Edge of Forever “. ^[106] Jerry Seinfeldbot to lend his voice for Thanksgiving – episode “Starvin Marvin”, but declined to appear when he only offered a role as “Turkey # 2”. ^[107]

MUSIC

Parker says that the various uses of music is of utmost importance to South Park . ^[108] Several characters often to play or sing to change or a group affect the behavior, or to educate attract songs, or indoctrinate others. The show also provides frequent scenes, in which the characters have disapproving reactions to the performances of certain popular musicians. ^[108]

Adam Berry, the original score of the composer, used sound synthesis to simulate a small orchestra, and often mentioned famous pieces of music. Berry also signed acoustic guitar and mandolin cues used leitmotifs for the show Establishing Shots. ^{[108] [109]} After Berry in 2001 left, Jamie Dunlap and Scott Nickoley the Los Angeles-based Mad City Production Studios provided the original music for the next seven seasons of the show available. ^[88] Since 2008, Dunlap has been credited as the show only score composer. ^[110] Dunlap contributions to the show are one of the few that is not achieved at the show’s production offices werden.Dunlap reading a script creates a score digital audio – use software, and then e-mails the audio file to South Park Studios, where it worked Will fit with the completed sequence. ^[88]

In addition, in an effort to sing, to tell something to the children, the boss would also be relevant to the things that had happened in the action.These songs were original compositions written by Parker and played by Hayes in the same sexually addictive R & B style he had used during his own music career. The band DVDA, which consists of Parker and Stein, along with show staff Bruce Howell and DA Young, would lead to the music for these compositions, and, until the death of the character in the show, listed as “chief of the band” in the closing Were credits. ^[49]

Rick James, Elton John, Meatloaf, Joe Strummer, Ozzy Osbourne, Primus, Rancid and Ween all starred in the second season (1998) episode “Chef Aid.” Korn debuted her single “Away From Me Traps” as guest stars On the third season (1999) Episode “Korn’s Genuine Ghoststory”. ^[98]

TITLE SEQUENCE

The original title song of the show was a musical score conducted by the band Primus, while the lyrics sang alternately by the lead singer, the band Les Claypool, and the four central characters of the show. Kenny’s muted lines are changed after every few seasons. His lines are usually something very explicit in nature, like his original lines: “I like girls with big vaginas, I like girls with big, fat titties”. ^[111] The original composition was originally slower, but was accelerated for the show, while an instrumental version of the original composition is often played during the show trailer. ^[112] The melody of the song is similar to the song “Coddingtown” on Primus Brown Album . The opening title song was mixed three times during the series, including a remix of Paul Robb. ^[113] Frog – – Brigade, from the album In 2006, the theme music to the song “Whamola” of remixed Colonel Les Claypool of Fearless Flying was Purple Onion . ^[114]

DISTRIBUTION

CONSEQUENCES

INTERNATIONAL

International South Park is in India, broadcast ^[115] New Zealand and several countries in Europe and Latin America on the canals, the Departments of Comedy Central and MTV Networks, both subsidiaries of Viacom. ^{[26] [116]} In distribution agreement with Comedy Central, other independent networks transmit the series in other international markets. In Australia, the show will be broadcast on The Comedy Channel, SBS (Season 1-13 edited and 14-15 Uncut), SBS 2 (Season 16-19 Uncut) & Comedy Central. ^[117] The series aired uncensored in Canada in English on the Comedy – network ^[118] and later much. South Park airs on TG4 in Ireland, ^[119] STV in Scotland, ^[120] Comedy Central and MTV in the UK (previously on Channel 4) and B92 in Serbia. ^[121]

SYNDICATION

Broadcast – Syndication – rights to South Park were acquired Debmar-Mercury and Tribune Entertainment in 2003 and 2004. ^{[122] [123]} further processed for content began on September 19 in syndication run episodes, 2005 and are in the United States with the aired TV-14 rating. ^[123][124] 20. TV replaced Tribune as co-distributor in early 2008. The series currently in syndication in 90 percent of the TV – will broadcast markets in the US and Canada, where it has an estimated US $ 25 million in advertising Per year generates revenue. ^{[125] [126]}

HOME MEDIA

The first eighteen seasons of South Park are available in their entirety on DVD. Several other topics – DVD – Compilations were from published Rhino Entertainment and Comedy Central, ^[127] was reissued during the three-episode fantasy story arc straight-to-DVD as a full-length in 2008. ^{[128] [129] [130]}

STREAMING

In March 2008, Comedy Central made every episode of South Park available free of charge in full length on-demand – legal streaming on the official South Park Studios website. ^[131] From March 2008 to December 2013 new episodes were a day added to the site follow their debut and an uncensored version was the following day published sequence remained for the rest of the week, then taken down, and added, three weeks later on the website.

Within a week, the site more than one million streams full episodes served, ^[131] and the number rose to 55 million by October 2008. ^[132]prevent the US legal issues – content from outside the US to be accessible, ^{[133 ]} so local servers have been held in other countries. ^[134] In September 2009, a South Park Studios website Streaming – episodes was introduced in the UK and Ireland. ^[135] In Canada, episodes available for streaming from the website of the Comedy – network, although due to digital rights restrictions, they are no longer available. ^[136]

In July 2014 it was announced that Hulu a three-year – had signed the rights to – contract to purchase exclusive Online – Streaming South Parkfor a reported $ 80 million. After announcing each episode free to stay on the South Park Studios website, the Hulu with players. From September 2014, following the premiere of the eighteenth season, only 30 selected episodes are available for free viewing at a time on a rationing base presented on the site, with new episodes available for a whole month to begin the day after their original Broadcasting. The entire series will be available for viewing on Hulu Plus. ^[137]

In April 2010 the fifth season episode “Super Best Friends” and the season fourteen episodes “200” and “201” were removed from the site; In addition, these episodes no longer air in repetitions and are only available exclusively on DVD. These episodes do not remain available following the 2014 purchase of Hulu.

RE-RENDERED EPISODES

From its debut in 1997 to the season twelve final in 2008, the series had been produced in native 4: 3 480i standard definition. In 2009, the series changed to be produced native 16: 9 1080i High Definition with the beginning of the thirteen season. ^[138]

All seasons originally produced in standard definition have been remastered by completely recreating scene – for – scenes and frame – by – frame from South Park Studios from their original 1080i high definition. In addition, the original 4: 3 aspect ratio 9 can also be converted to 16.The re-rendering process took South Park Studios several years, and resulted in the image quality being in real HD, as opposed to being up-converted. ^[138] Some of the newly rendered episodes from earlier seasons have their original uncensored audio – tracks that have been previously published censored. ^{[138] [139] [140] [141]}

RECEPTION

REVIEWS

As South Park debuted, it was seen reviews for Comedy Central and is considered largely responsible for the success of the channel a great success, with duke it. DieUmsetzung for the network “on the map” Gutsch ^{[26] [46] [142]}

The first episode of the show, “Gets Cartman an Anal Probe,” a deserved Nielsen rating of 1.3 (980,000 viewers), at the time for a highly regarded cable program. ^[142] immediately created this show buzz among television viewers and ground overlooking parties began at the universities of assembly. ^{[14] [20] [22]} the eighth episode of the time “Starvin Marvin”, aired – debuted three months after the show – Reviews and tripled viewership, and South Park was already the most successful show in Comedy Central history. ^[22] If the tenth episode “Damien” was broadcast the following February, the viewership increased a further 33 percent. The result earned a 6.4 rating, which at the time was broadcast over 10 times the average rating broadcast by a cable show in the premiere. ^{[20] [142]} The ratings with the second series of the second season peaked, “Mom Cartman is still a bitch! “, Which was broadcast on April 22, 1998. The episode earned a 8.2 rating (6.2 million viewers), and at the time, a record as the most highly rated non sport in base cable history show. ^{[28] [36] [142]} In the spring of 1998, eight of the ten highest-rated shows on basic cable were South Park episodes. ^[21]

The success of South Park asked to carry more cable companies Comedy Central and led them to his to werden.Die one of the fastest growing cable channels number of households, which jumped Comedy Central had 1998 by 9.1 million in 1997 to 50 million in June ^[142] When the show debuted, the Comedy Central for a 30-seconds – deserved commercial US was $ 7,500. ^[20] Within a year were paying customers for 30 seconds of advertising time during derAusstrahlungen an average of $ 40,000 South Park in his second season, some as much as US paid during $ 80,000. ^[143]

With the third season (1999), the series began to “reduce ratings. ^[144] The third season – Premiere episode drew 3.4 million viewers, a dramatic decline from 5.5 million the premiere of the last season. ^[142] Stone and Parker led the decline in the ratings of the show to the media – hype surrounding the show last year, undfügte added that the third season of the show reflected reviews “true” fan base. ^[142] The ratings of the show fell further in the fourth season (2000), with episodes just over 1.5 million viewers on average. The ratings finally increased and seasons five to nine consistently average on about 3 million viewers per episode. ^[142] Although the viewership is lower than it was at the height of its popularity in its earliest seasons, South Park remains one of the highest-rated series on Comedy Central. ^[145] The season 14 (2010) Release won 3.7 million viewers, the season – Premiere of the show the highest rated since 1998. ^[146]

ACCOLADES AND AWARDS

In 2004, Channel 4 voted South Park is the third largest cartoon of all time. ^[147] In 2007, Time magazine included the show on its list of “100 best TV – series of all time”, it as “the best source of America’s rapid-fire – [the past] Satire for decade” to announce. ^[148] In the same yearRolling Stone explains the funniest show on television 10 years ago since debuting be. ^[149] In 2008, South Park from the 12th largest TV – show of the past 25 years by named Entertainment Weekly , ^[150] while AOL explains how, with the “brightest” sign of any show in history when It’s the 16th naming -best TV comedy series of all time. ^[151] In 2011, South Park was voted number one in the 25 Greatest Animated TV – Seriessurvey of Entertainment Weekly . ^[152] The character of Cartman place 10 on TV Guide’s 2002 list of “Top 50 Greatest Comic Book – figures”,^[153] 198. on VH1’s “200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons”, ^[154] 19 on Bravo ‘s “100 Greatest TV characters” TV – Special in 2004, ^[155] and diezweite on MSNBC’ s 2005 list of the scariest characters of the TV behind Mr. Burns from the Simpsons . ^[156] In 2006, Comedy Central received a Peabody Award for South Park ‘s “strict social commentary” and “undeniably fearless shovel of all that self-important and hypocritical in American life.” ^{[26] [40] [157] [158]} In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked South Park at No. 63 among the “101 best-written shows Ever”.^[159] Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show ranked 10th among the “60 Greatest Cartoons of all time”. ^[160]

South Park won the CableACE award for best animated series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out. ^[161] 1998 South Park was nominated for an Annie Award for outstanding performance in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program. It has also been nominated for 1998 GLAAD Award for “Individual Series – for Outstanding TV Big Homosexual Al Big Homosexual Boat Trip”. ^[31]

South Park was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2013). The show won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (for programming less than one hour) four times, for the 2005 episode “Best Friends Forever”, ^[157] 2006 episode “Make Love, Not Warcraft”, ^[162] in 2009 Episode “Margaritaville”, and the 2012 episode “the bar”. ^[163] The “Imaginationland” trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for programming one hour or more) in 2008. ^[164]

CRITICISM

The show of the frequent depiction of taboo object, general toilet humor, access to the younger viewers, disrespect of conservative sensitivities negative depiction of the liberal causes and representation of religion for the comic effect have created controversies and debates about the course of his run. ^[165]

As the series became popular, the students were denied in two schools wearing South Park – T-Shirts related, ^{[17] [21] [31]} , while several parent councils brought in the United Kingdom expressed concern, as eight- and nine-year-old children chose the South Park character Cartman as their favorite – personality in a 1999 survey. ^[166] Parker and Stone say that the show is not to be considered by young children, and the show with TV – confirmed ratings that his intention for mature audiences show. ^[21]

Parents Television Council founder L. Brent Bozell III and action for children’s television founder Peggy Charren have condemned both the show, the latter claiming it “dangerous for democracy”. ^{[17] [143] [167] [168]} Several other activist groups have the show parodies protested Christianity and representation of Jesus Christ. ^{[17] [169] [170]} Stone claims that parents of disapprove South Park for its representation of how children behave upset because they “have an idyllic vision of what children are like,” adding, “[ Children] do not know any kind of social tact or etiquette, they are only complete small rascinating bastards “. ^{[31] [166]}

CONTROVERSIES

The show mocked continue the controversy the use of profanity surrounding, and the media attention the network show about Chicago Hope‘s singular use of the word shit , with the fifth season – Premiere “Damn Fan”, ^[171] , in which the word shit is said, 162 – times without censorship purposes are bleeped while appearing uncensored in written form. ^[36] In the days following the original broadcast of the show, 5,000 disapproving emails were sent to Comedy Central. ^[45] Despite its 43 uncensored uses of the racial slur nigger , the Season 11 episode “Bitte ein Jesse Jackson” generated relatively little controversy because diemeisten in the black community and the NAACP, the result of its context and its comedic manner praised by conveying other Races perceptions how black people must feel when the word is heard. ^{[172] [173]}

Specific controversies surrounding the show in relation to a enclosed April Fools’ Day prank its viewers in 1998 played ^[174] his portrayal of the Virgin Mariain Season Nine (2005) final, “Bloody Mary”, the more angry Catholics, ^[34] his representation of Steve Irwin with a stingray barb in his chest stuck in the episode “Hell on Earth 2006” which originally aired less than two months after Irwin killed in the same manner was, ^[175][176] and censorship of Comedy Central by the depiction of Mohammed in the season 10 episode “Cartoon Wars – part II” in the wake of theJyllands-Posten Muhammad – cartoons controversy. ^[169]

The season nine (2005) episode “in the Closet Trapped” denounces Scientology as nothing more than “a big fat global scam”, ^[169] while freely divulging church information that Scientology normally only for the members who are in the church Make substantial money donations reveal. ^[177] The episode parodies also ambiguous the gossip sexual orientation of Scientologist Tom Cruise involvement, demanded allegedly any further repetitions of the sequence are canceled. ^{[175] [178]} Isaac Hayes, a Scientologist, quit later South Park because of his objections to the result. ^[179]

The season fourteen episodes “200” and “201” were entangled in the controversy for questions surrounding the depiction of the Islamic prophet, persuaded Muhammad. The site for the organization Revolution Muslim, a New York-based radical Muslim organization, published an entry that included a warning to the creators and the stone that they were vicious retaliation for their risk exposures of Mohammed. It is said that they are “probably like Wind – up Theo van Gogh to air show”. The booking provided the addresses on Comedy Central in New York and the production company in Los Angeles. The author of the post, Zachary Adam Chesser (who are called prefers Abu Talha al-Amrikee),^[180] said it was intended to serve as a warning to Parker and Stone, is not a threat, and that the address was meant providing, To protest to the people the possibility. ^{[181] [182]}

Despite al-Amrikee claims that the site entry was a warning, several media and observers interpreted it as a threat. ^{[183] [184] [185]} The supporting impact has come in the form Everybody Draw Mohammed Day started a movement on Facebook, people Muhammad encouraged to draw on May 20 ^[186] The “200” series, which is also shown , The Buddha snorting cocaine, the government prompted Sri Lanka to ban the series. ^[187]

INFLUENCE

CULTURE-

Comment made in episodes was to be interpreted as statements Parker and Stone are trying to make the television audience, ^[188] and these opinions were the subject of much critical analysis in the media and literary world within the framework of popular philosophical, theological, social and political concepts. ^{[25] [188] [189]} Since South Park debuted, wrote students and doctoral thesis to analyze the show, ^[51] while Brooklyn College offers a course called ” South Park and Political Correctness”. ^{[190] [191]}

Soon after one of the brand deaths Kenny on the show, other characters would usually call “Oh my God, they killed Kenny!”. The cry soon became a popular slogan, ^[10] while the recurrent running gag of Kenny deaths are a recognized trademark with viewers of modern television.^{[192] [193]} Cartman’s exclamations of “My Authori-tah respect!” And “Screw you guys … I’m going home!” Was also slogans, and during the earlier seasons of the show, were very popular in the lexicon of spectators. ^[194] Cartman eccentric intonation of “Hey!” Was included in the 2002 edition of The Oxford Dictionary of CatchPhrases . ^[195]

In the second season episode “Chef Aid”, Attorney Johnnie Cochran used what in the show that is Chewbacca Defense, the legal strategy, addressing plot holes associated with includes Chewbacca in the movie The Return of the Jedi – Ritter instead attempt To discuss the hand during a concluding plea in a deliberate attempt to confuse jurors, there are reasonable doubts. The term “Chewbacca defense” has been used as used by criminologists, forensics and political commentators in their various discussions on similar methods used in legal and public forums. ^{[196] [197]}

Another season episode, “Dwarfs,” revolves around a group of “Underpants Gnomes,” which, as their name suggests, run a company to steal people’s underpants. When asked about their business model, different gnomes answer a process In three steps is: Phase 1 is “collect underpants”. Phase 3 is “profit.” However, the gnomes are no longer explaining what should be done between the first and last steps, and “Phase 2” is accompanied by a large question mark on their corporate flow chart. With “????” and “profit!” As the last two steps in a process (usually in jest) has become a widely popular Internet meme because of this.Just in the context of politics and business, “underpants gnomes” Some commentators have characterized a conspicuous gap in logic or planning. ^{[198] [199]}

As discovered Sophie Rutschmann of the University of Strasbourg a mutated gene that causes an adult fruit fly within two days to die after being infected with certain bacteria, called the gene kep1 honor of Kenny. ^{[200] [201] [202]}

POLITICALLY

While some conservatives have condemned the show for its vulgarity, a growing number of people who hold middle-right, even teenagers and young adult political convictions, the show embraced for its tendency to ridicule liberal standpoints and liberal personalities and symbols. ^[203]political commentator Andrew Sullivan, the group called South Park Republicans or South Park Conservatives. ^{[39] [204] [205]} Sullivan classifies the group as “extremely skeptical of political correctness, but also socially liberal in many issues,” he says, the rate is applied to them, is more of a casual reminder of faith To be as a strong partisan label. ^{[15] [39]} Brian C. Anderson describes the group as “generally characterized libertärenÜberzeugungen by a strong holding and conservative social policy rejects”, and notes that, although the show “evil fun conservatives” makes it “at the top is A conservative revolt against the liberal media. ” ^[203]

Parker and stone, to lessen the focus with a certain political affinity of the show, and refuse a political agenda when to create an episode. ^{[35][205] [206]} The two claim the higher ratio of the Show Instances liberal orthodoxies shovel comes easy to make more than dieKonservativen distinct preference fun Liberals. ^{[15] [67]} While Stone was quoted: “I hate conservatives, but I fucking hate liberals really,” Stone and Parker have stated that their drive to mock umein predetermined destination first from the persistence of the target takes other people to say, How to behave. ^[171] The duo stated that they perceive as both dieLiberalen deceptions of claim that to stay free of satire, and to force an inclination political correctness, while citizens from patronizing Central America. ^{[38] [39]} Parker and Stone are uncomfortable with the idea of themselves or South Park with any kind of partisan classification is applied. ^{[35] [205]} Parker said he “rejects the South Park Republican” and “South Park conservative” labels as a serious term feeling that either day means that you only adheres strictly conservative or liberal views. ^[34][203] Canadian columnist Jaime J. Weinman notes that most diehard conservatives, who call themselves “identified South Park Republican”, started from the label rejection when the show mocked Republicans in the nine season (2005) Episode “Best Friends Forever. ” ^[8]

MOVIE

In 1999, less than two years after the series for the first time a aired, feature film was released. The film, a musical comedy, was directed by Parker, who wrote the script with Stein and co-author Pam Brady. The film was generally well received by critics, ^[207] and earned US $ 83.1 million combined on the domestic and foreign box office. ^[208] The film satirizes the controversy surrounding the show itself surrounds and a place in the 2001 edition won by Guinness World Records for “Most Swearing in an Animated Film”. ^[209] The song “Canada guilt” from the soundtrack of the film deserves Song co-authors Parker and Marc Shaiman an Oscar – nomination for Best Music, Original Song. ^[210]

Parker and Stein, said in an interview that in 2008 a theatrically released sequel would most likely be what the series comes to the conclusion.^[211] In 2011, as the official asked South Park site, whether a sequel would be made, they said, “the first South Park movie was so strong, we are all still recovering from the shock. Unfortunately, at present, no plans for a second there SouthPark . Movie But you never know what the future may bring, crazier things happen … ” ^[212] In 2011, Time named South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut , the sixth largest animation of all time. ^[213] In 2013, Warner Bros. Entertainment abandoned at Paramount Pictures, the rights to co-finance a possible future South Park movie during their negotiations on the cofinancing Christopher Nolan Science – Fiction – Film Interstellar create .Frühere efforts, a second South Parkmovie Were complicated due to both studios retaining certain rights to the property. ^[214]

MEDIA AND GOODS

SHORTS

In homage to the dead parrot sketch, a short that Cartman tries has a dead Kenny for a business of Kyle running back broadcast during a 1999 BBC TV – Special 30th anniversary of the commemoration of Monty Python’s Flying Circus . ^[215] South Park parodied Scientology in a brief that. As part of lüftete2000 MTV Movie Awards The short was entitled “The Gauntlet” and also came to enjoy John Travolta, a Scientologist. ^{[216] [217]}The four main characters were in one of the presents documentary The Aristocrats , Cartman hears tell his version of the titular joke of the film. ^[218] Short clips of Cartman the starting lineup for the introduction of University of Colorado football team were featured ABC’s coverage of the 2007 matchup between the University of Colorado and the University of Nebraska. ^[219] In 2008, Parker, as Cartman, gave answers to a Proust – questionnaire conducted Julie Rovner of NPR. ^[11] The Snakes & Arrows – Tour of noise in 2007 used umein intro of Cartman, Stan, Kyle and Kenny preceding “Tom Sawyer”. ^[220] As Parker, Stone and producer Frank Agnone are Kings Los Angeles fans, special South Park Pre-Game – Videos were in Kings home games in pre Staples Center, ^[221] sent and the club itself, to visit the Stanley Cup South Park Studios, after the winning 2012 finals. ^[222] Parker and Stone have also created Denver Broncos and Denver Nuggets -themed shorts, with Cartman, for home games at the Pepsi Center.

MUSIC

Chef Aid: The South Park Album , a collection of original songs from the show, characters cover songs perform, and traces of guest artists was carried out in 1998 published ^{[223] [224]} while Mr. Hankey Christmas Classics , a compilation of songs by the characters performed in the episode of the same name, as well as other Christmas songs was published in 1999, ^[225] as was the soundtrack for the feature film. ^[226] The song “Chocolate Salty Balls” (performed by Hayes as Chef) was established in 1998 in the UK as a single veröffentlichtdie to support the Chef Aid: South Park – album and was number one hit. ^[227]

VIDEO GAMES

After the early success of the series, three video games based on the series were released by Acclaim Entertainment. A First-Person – Shooter Simply titled South Park was established in 1998 for the shared PC, Nintendo 64 and PlayStation. This was followed in 1999 by Chefs Luv Shack: South Park , a party – video game with quizzes and mini-games on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and PC. In 2000, South Park Rally , a racing game, was released on the Dreamcast, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and PC. Parker and Stone had little to do with the development of these games, apart from providing voice acting and have publicly Acclaim and the quality of the criticized South Park games that they produced. ^{[66] [228]}

There was a South Park – game for the Game Boy Color in development at Acclaim but it was canceled by Parker and Stone, because they thought the game for the system was not correct, as the main was demograpic children. Parker and Stone have the prototype cartridge of the game, it is the first to make South Park – video game of all time. Only a screenshot has been released Nintendo Power Issue 114 in 1998. ^[229]

Another South Park game was in development for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and GameCube in 2004, but was canceled for unknown reasons. A prototype of the game was found in an Xbox Development Kit in 2015. ^{[230] [231]}

In 2010, the decision for a small group was called made on the creation of new South Park Digital Studios, which would, to form, among other work South Park games, ^[232] that would be the studio and the show’s creator strongly connected. The first of these titles is South Park Let’s Go Tower Defense Play! A tower defense game developed by Doublesix, which was released in 2009 for the Xbox Live Arcade service on the Xbox 360 console. Another Xbox Live Arcade – game South Park: Tenorman revenge is a platformer, which was published in early 2012 ^[233]South Park: The Stick of Truth is an RPG – video game, which was written by Parker and Stone , ^[234] and was originally scheduled to 5, for the Xbox 360 and will be published in March 2013 PlayStation 3 – consoles and Microsoft Windows; ^[235] 2014 positive reviews the game was finally released on March 4,. ^[236] A continuation of The Stick of Truth was announced and was titled South Park: The Fractured but overall . ^[237]

TRADE

Merchandising related to the show is an industry that generates several million dollars a year. ^[238] in 1998, the best-selling specialty T-shirt in the United States-based South Park , and US $ 30 million in T-shirt sales has been achieved during the show first season. ^{[20] [31] [43]}

A SouthPark Pinball – machine was released in 1999 by Sega Pinball. ^[239] The company Fun 4 All, Mezco Toyz and Mirage have different South Park produced action figures, which collectibles, and plush dolls. ^[238]

Comedy Central in an agreement with Frito-Lay 1.5 million sacks Ketchup, Cartman’s favorite snack from the show, at Walmart to sell to the premiere of the second half of the fifteenth season on October 5, 2011